Laser Crystals: Nd:YVO4
Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate) is one of the most promising commercially available diode pumped solid state laser materials. It has high laser induced damage threshold and good mechanical in addition to optical properties. Its large stimulated emission cross-section and high absorption of pump laser make it a right crystal for pocket laser. Nd: YVO4 can produce IR green and blue laser by using minor different set-up. A broad absorption band centered at 808nm and favorable mechanical properties make Nd:YVO4 well suited for compact, efficient, high power diode-pumped lasers. Natural birefringence gives rise to a highly polarized output at 1064.3 and 1342nm.
Basic Properties of Nd:YVO4
| Atomic Density: | 1.26×1020 atoms/cm3 (Nd1.0%) |
| Crystal Structure: | Zircon Tetragonal, space group D4h-I4/amd a=b=7.1193A,c=6.2892A |
| Density; | 4.22g/cm3 |
| Mohs Hardness: | 4-5(Glass-like) |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient(300K): | αa=4.43×10-6/K αc=11.37×10-6/K |
| Thermal Conductivity Coefficient(300K): | //C:0.0523W/cm/K ⊥C:0.0510W/cm/K |
Optical Properties of Nd:YVO4:
| Lasing wavelength: | 1064nm,1342nm |
| Thermal optical coefficient (300K): | dno/dT=8.5×10-6/K dne/dT=2.9×10-6/K |
| Stimulated emission cross-section: | 25×10-19cm2 @ 1064nm |
| Fluorescent lifetime: | 90μs(1% Nd doping) |
| Absorption coefficient: | 31.4cm-1 @810nm |
| Intrinsic loss: | 0.02cm-1 @1064nm |
| Gain bandwidth: | 0.96nm@1064nm |
| Polarized laser emission: | π polarization; parallel to optic axis(c-axis) |
| Diode pumped optical to optical efficiency: | >60% |
| Sellemeier equations (λ in um) | n02=3.77834+0.069736/(λ2-0.04724)-0.010813λ2
ne2=4.59905+0.110534/(λ2-0.04813)-0.012676λ2 |
Laser Properties of Nd:YVO4
The major laser properties of Nd:YVO4 vs Nd:YAG are listed in Table below, including stimulated emission cross-sections (σ), Absorption Coefficient (α) Fluorescent lifetime (τ),Absorption Length (La),threshold Power (Pth) and Pump Quantum Efficiency.
| Laser crystal | Doping (atm%) |
σ (x10-19cm2) |
α (cm-1) |
τ (µs) |
Lα (mm) | Pth (mW) |
Effi. (%) |
| Nd:YVO4 (a-cut) |
1.0 2.0 |
25 25 |
23 46 |
90 50 |
0.32 0.14 |
30 78 |
52 48.6 |
| Nd:YVO4 (c-cut) |
1.1 | 7 | 9.2 | 90 | 231 | 45.5 | |
| Nd:YAG | 0.85 | 6 | 7.1 | 230 | 1.41 | 115 | 38.6 |
We offer Nd:YVO4 specifications
| Doping | 0.07%~3% |
| Doping concentration tolerance | ±0.05%(atm%<1%),±0.1%(atm%≥1%) |
| Orientation | A-cut/C-cut +/-0.5deg. |
| Dimension Tolerance | ±0.1mm |
| Flatness | λ/10 @ 632.8nm |
| Wavefront distortion | λ/6@ 632.8nm |
| Surface Quality | 10/5 per MIL-O-13830B |
| Parallelism | 10″ |
| Perpendicularity | 10′ |
| Bevel/Chamfer | <0.1mm@45deg. |
| Chips | <0.1mm |
| Clear Aperture | >95% |
| Coating | AR/HR/PR coating upon customer’s request |
| Damage Threshold | 750MW/CM2 at 1064nm, TEM00, 10ns, 10Hz |
| Quality Warranty Period | One year under proper use |
Nd:YVO4 crystals with diffusion bonded undoped YVO4 endcaps are also available from us.
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